Vinyl - English Language Review

Vinyl

(USA, 1965)

by Andy Warhol

”Vinyl” probably isn't Warhol's most adventurous picture, but it has definitely is a strange, surprising and slightly disturbing movie. Not in the least, it bears the distinction of being the first adaptation of Anthony Burgess' novel "A Clockwork Orange", which was adapted more faithfully, more successfully, but also to a much bigger controversy, by Stanley Kubrick in 1971. Both movies begin with an extreme close-up of their protagonist (Gererd Malanda here, Malcolm McDowell in Kubrick's film), after which the camera slowly moves backward to reveal the entire set.

From Burgess novel, "Vinyl" only takes the basic story. The characters names and identities are changes, as well as the setting. Warhol turns "A Clockwork Orange" into a story about urban perversion, about sadists in vinyl suits and the attraction and obsession with drugs, violence and (popular) music. These elements are also in Burgess' novel in a way, but they are part of a bigger picture. The novel questions the human nature and talks about free will, something which Warhol's characters seem to lack - they are lost from the beginning and live in oblivion, their only goal being to satisfy their basic needs and desires.

The film itself is actually a recording of a stage performance. The sets are theatrical and the movie is composed out of only two shots, both lasting about 30 minutes. However, "Vinyl" is not filmed theater and Warhol's direction is the star of the picture. The camera doesn't move very much: a few inches to the left, than to the right, a slight zoom in, then out... Warhol gives us a single perspective to the story - slightly from above the actors' heads - and carefully arranges characters and objects in the frame, while the edges of the frame usually conceal various elements: in front, we see Gerard Malanga who is in the lead. To his left, there is the beautiful Edie Sedgwick, who doesn't say a single line throughout the picture. Right behind them, we see the droogs and, occasionally, their victims. And in the back, a few sadists that will give Malanga the Warhol version of the Ludovico treatment in the second half of the picture. It should be obvious that "Vinly"was conceived and executed as a cinematic experience and not as a theatrical one.

There are other "innovations" in Warhol's picture: the credits are spoken by an off-screen narrator (something that he probably stole from Godard's "Contempt") and there are several musical interludes, where the characters start dancing (mostly to the song „Nowhere to Run”, from Martha and the Vandellas). But "Vinyl" is an interesting picture because of the way Warhol's direction turns theater into cinema and for its nihilist, postmodern deconstruction of Burgess' text (which I highly recommend, by the way).

One Way Boogie Woogie/27 Years Later - English Language Review

One Way Boogie Woogie/27 Years Later

(USA, 1977/2005)

by James Benning

”One Way Boogie Woogie” was James Benning's first feature-lengh documentary. A filmmaker that was to become famous for his static shots and contemplative attitude towards both the urban and the wild landscape seems to have created an almost unique style from the beginning of his carrer. The film is composed of 60 different static shots taken (of about a minute in length each) taken in the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, his hometown. Twenty-seven years after the making of ”One Way Boogie Woogie”, Benning returned to Milwaukee to do a film simply called "27 Years Later", in which he recreated every shot of the first movie in the same locations (more or less affected by the passing of time) and even kept the same soundtrack.

The first movie derives its title from a Piet Mondrian painting, Broadway Boogie Woogie, an abstract network of red, blue, yellow and grey squares that suggest the rectangular disposition of the streets of Manhattan and its colorful night life. James Benning changes the ''Broadway' to a 'One Way' and, indeed, his movie adopts a more monotonous tone, but it's in no way a simple film. Nor is it a boring one... "One Way Boogie Woogie" doesn't just take its title from abstract art, it also is, in many ways, a work of abstract cinema. Benning's compositions, that use telephone poles, fences and objects of various shapes to break the frame into rectangles, that take advantage of the most strikingly colored buildings and that sometimes show us real people engaged in absurd/not-ordinary situations, all look almost like abstract paintings. Adding the movement withing the frames and their succession, Benning takes us beyond the seemingly simple reality he depicts.
 

Even more than that, in "27 Years Later" - as I've said before - he recreates each shot from "One Way Boogie Woogie", but he keeps the sound from the first movie. By the time he made the second movie, Benning had already made several movies in which he investigated the relationship between space and memory, most notably in his 1995 film, "Deseret" (no, it is not a type-O). Furthermore, the two movies put together (as they usually are when they are being screened nowadays) are a dynamic portrait of Milwaukee. It sometimes feels that Benning accentuates the decay and the downfall that the places he had filmed almost three decades before. I don't think (but I don't know either if) this is a fair portrayal of the Milwaukee of the present and it is the only thing I don't appreciate about Benning's double feature.

But nevertheless, the two films are unique in the history of American documentary. "27 Years Later" is not a remake of "One Way Boogie Woogie" made by the same director, not is it its sequel. It takes the origianl and gives it other meanings. The two movies are not just two very well made visual documents, but a meditation on the passing of time and a exploration of the possibilities and meanings of cinema itself.

Dog Star Man - English Language Review

Dog Star Man  

(USA, 1962 - 1964)

by Stan Brakhage

This is the first installment of a new series I'm hoping to work on regularly - "American Experimental", about avant-garde, experimental and underground movies made in the United States. And it seems fitting to begin with the work of Stan Brakhage, a man who is almost synonymous with the avant-garde of the last half a century. His carrer began in the late '50s and ended with his death, in 2003. He is recognized as one of the most influential American filmmakers.

"Dog Star Man" is a 75-minute work that is, essentially, a collection of five shorts, called "Prelude", "Part I", "Part II", "Part III and "Part IV". Although it tells the story of a man (played by Brakhage himself) climbing a mountain in the company of his dog, the film doesn't have a real narrative. It's visual style is based of the fast-paced editing of very such images as: solar explosion, the surface of the moon, nude bodies, a new-born baby, the mountainous landscape of Colorado, various organs and tissues and, of course, scratches on film and abstract flashes of light. Brakhage uses very diverse techniques: from time-lapse cinematography, to slow-motion (mostly in "Part I"), first person shots from the point of view of the main character, hand-held cinematography, microscope shots, multiple exposures, archive footage of the outer-space and, most importantly, the superimposition of several rolls of film (two in the "Prelude", four in the last part). "Dog Star Man" is completely silent: no dialogue, no sound effects, no music...

It is only through images and editing that Brakhage takes us to the ideas that he is interested in. What started as a simple project (as he himself called) becomes a dense, abstract and important work of art that touches on serious themes: Man's place in the Universe, between the biology he cannot elude and the stars he looks towards, the meaning of life, the History of Man etc. The man in the picture keeps climbing the mountain, even though he keeps slipping in the snow, but in the end he falls down ans is rescues/helped by his dog. The last three parts a more condensed than the others and make their point more clearly: "Part II" shows us a newborn's first violent reactions to the world he just arrived in, "Part III" is a celebration of the flesh, where naked bodies converge and tissues are soaked in pulsating blood and "Part IV" is a sort of a synthesis of the entire work.

"Dog Star Man" is not an easy watch, but it's importance cannot be underestimated. It is a complex work, that Brakhage himself turned into a four-hour film ("The Art of Vision") without adding a single new shot, by simply rearranging the rolls of film that are superimposed in "Dog Star Man". The movie is difficult, but what it asks of his audience is only to have patience and try to see beyond the images, and to decipher the meaning of the film in their one way.